Dajjal: The False Messiah

Author: Sajid Mahmood Ansari

One of the beliefs that the Muslim Ummah has been agreeing with since the dawn of Islam is that Jesus, son of Mary (peace be upon him), was saved by God from Jewish conspiracies and elevated alive to the sky and then as a sign of the nearness of the Hour, he would be sent to this planet.

 Torah predicted the coming of a Messiah to save the Israelites from calamity.  The Jews have been waiting for this promised Messiah for centuries. When Jesus the Christ came to them, they denied him but tried to kill him. In short they could not recognize the Messiah and became his enemy. So they believe that the promised Messiah has   not yet come; that is why they are still waiting for him.

On the other hand, the majority of the Christians are of the opinion that Jesus the Christ (peace be upon him) was the promised Messiah, but was crucified by the Jews. The Christians believe that Christ was resurrected after his death and he went to the sky alive. However, he will descend to the earth before the end of times.

The Qur'an refutes the basic idea of ​​both the Jews and the Christians, that they could neither crucify Christ nor kill him, but that Allah raised him up to the heavens. Allah Almighty says:

And their saying: 'We slew the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary', the Messenger of Allah - whereas in fact they had neither slain him nor crucified him but the matter was made dubious to them - and those who differed about it too were in a state of doubt! They have no definite knowledge of it, but merely follow conjecture; and they surely slew him not, but Allah raised him to Himself. Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise. There are none among the People of the Book but will believe in him before his death, and he will be a witness against them on the Day of Resurrection.^[1]

This Ayah indicates that the true Messiah, son of Mary will be sent to this planet near the Doom’s Day. This prophecy has been confirmed by our beloved Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and has been transmitted through infallible reports.

Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (May Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:

Dajjal (The False Messiah) would come forth and a person from amongst the believers would go towards him and the armed men of the Dajjal would meet him and they would say to him: Where do you intend to go? He would say: I intend to go to this one who is coming forth. They would say to him: Don't you believe in our Lord? He would say: There is nothing hidden about our Lord. They would say: Kill him. Then some amongst them would say: Has your master (Dajjal) not forbidden you to kill anyone without (his consent)? And so they would take him to the Dajjal and when the believer would see him, he would say: O people. he is the Dajjal about whom Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) has informed (us). The Dajjal would then order for breaking his head and utter (these words): Catch hold of him and break his head. He would be struck even on his back and on his stomach. Then the Dajjal would ask him: Don't you believe in me? He would say: You are a false Masih. He would then order him to be torn (into pieces) with a saw from the parting of his hair up to his legs. After that the Dajjal would walk between the two pieces. He would then say to him: Stand, and he would stand erect. He would then say to him: Don't you believe in me? And the person would say: It has only added to my insight concerning you (that you are really the Dajjal). He would then say: O people, he would not behave with anyone amongst people (in such a manner) after me. The Dajjal would try to catch hold of him so that he could kill him (again). The space between his neck and collar bone would be turned into copper and he would find no means to kill him. So he would catch hold of him by his hand and feet and throw him (into the air) and the people would think as if he had been thrown in the Hell-Fire whereas he would be thrown in Paradise. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: He would be the most eminent amongst persons in regard to martyrdom in the eye of the Lord of the world. ^[2]

Samura ibn Jundub (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

By Allah! When I stood in this prayer, I saw everything that you will meet in this world and in the hereafter. By Allah! The Hour will not come until thirty liars come out. The last of them will be the Dajjal, who will be deaf and whose left eye will be dusty, as if he is the eye of Abu Yahya. He was an Ansari Shaykh who was sitting between the chambers of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her). When the Dajjal comes out, he will claim that he is God, so whoever believes with him, confirms him and follows him, then even the good deeds of the past will not benefit him. That is, his good deeds will be lost. And whoever disbelieves in it and denies it, then he will not be held accountable for his previous (evil) deeds, (ie his previous sins will be forgiven). Surely the Dajjal will dominate over all the earth, except the sanctuary of Makkah and Madinah.^[3]

It was narrated that Hudhaifah (May Allah be pleased with him) said:

The Messenger (ﷺ) of Allah said: 'I know what the Dajjal will have with him. He will have two flowing rivers, one that appears to the eye to be clear water, and one that appears to the eye to be flaming fire. If anyone sees that, let him go to the river which he thinks is fire and close his eyes, then lower his head and drink from it, for it is cool water. The Dajjal has one blind eye, with a layer of thick skin over it, and between his eyes is written "disbeliever," which every believer will read, whether he is literate or illiterate.' ^[4]

It is narrated on the authority of Asmaa bint Yazid (May Allah be pleased with her) that she said: We were with the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the house of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) when he said: Three years before the appearance of the Dajjal, the heavens will stop one-third of the water and the earth will stop one-third of the harvest. One-third of the crops will stop, when the third year begins, the sky will completely stop its water and the earth will completely stop its crops, the camels (camels) and the animals with hooves (cows, oxen, sheep, goats and horses and donkeys) will perish. The Dajjal will reach there and say to a villager: If I show you your camels in the form of thick, fresh and milky teats, will you believe that I am your Lord? He will say: Yes, of course. Then the devil will take the form of this man's camels and the man will follow him. In the same way, the Dajjal will say to another man: If I resurrect your father, your son, and all the people you know in your family, will you believe that I am your Lord? He will say: Yes, of course, then he will present the devils in the form of these people, then he too will be Dajjal’s follower. Then he (ﷺ) went out and all the people in the house started crying. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) returned, we were all crying. He (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked: Why are you crying? I (Asma) said: Messenger of Allah! Because of what you have said about the Dajjal, You have shaken our hearts by mentioning Dajjal, by Allah! When we knead the dough, the bread is not yet baked and we feel hungry, so what will we do then (at time of Dajjal)? The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: At that time, instead of eating and drinking, takbeer, tasbeeh and tahmeed will suffice for the believers. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Do not weep, for if the Dajjal appears in my presence, I will fight him, and if he follows my demise, Allah will be there over every Muslim.^[5]

It is narrated on the authority of Abdullah ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: The Dajjal will stay outside Medinah on a land, while, there will be so many women who will follow him, even a man will go to his relatives, mother, daughter, sister, aunt, etc. and tie them tightly, so that none of them will go to the Dajjal. Ultimately, Allah will give the Muslims victory over him and they will kill him. ^[6]

Anas b. Malik (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: ‘The Dajjal would be followed by seventy thousand Jews of Isfahan wearing Persian shawls.’^[7]

Mujammi' bin Jariyah Al-Ansari (May Allah be pleased with him) said:

"I heard the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) saying: 'Eisa bin Maryam will kill the Dajjal at the gate of Ludd.'"^[8]

It was narrated that Abu Bakr Siddiq (May Allah be pleased with him) said:

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) told us: 'Dajjal will emerge in a land in the east called Khorasan, and will be followed by people with faces like hammered shields.'" ^[9]

Now the situation is that Jews, Christians and Muslims are all waiting for the coming of the Messiah, although, they assign him different characters. We can conclude from the aforementioned prophecies:

1.     Near the Day of Judgment, a Jewish leader, most probably of Asian origin, will claim to be the Messiah for the fulfillment of the Zionist ambitions.  The main purpose of this claim would be to falsify the real Messiah, son of Mary. Definitely, the false Messiah will play the most important role in the Great Game, for which stage is being prepared.

2.     The False Messiah will also pretend to be God Almighty, to conform to the Christian belief so that the religious Christians may follow him wholeheartedly. Consequently, the Christians will deny the real Messiah until the false one will be killed by the real Messiah.

3.     The False Messiah will play many technological tricks to prove him true god. Technology is advancing at a great pace. To bring the dead to life, he may use cloning technique. Holography may be another trick to deceive the people.

4.     Fitnah of Dajjal would be really puzzling for laymen. However, women would be more vulnerable to this test, due to lack of confidence and steadfastness.

5.     Drastic climate changes will happen before emerging Dajjal. The Zionist organizations will get control over the world economy and sources of food. They will govern all the transactions, keeping people in their control. This is the scenario in which Dajjal will emerge and work for the Zionist cause. We are just watching trailers, the movie is coming soon.

6.     The real test would be the question of survival. The food will be not only scarce due to severe famine, but the available food will be in the control of Dajjal. That is how he would black mail the people and force them to accept him as their Lord. His magical tricks will not serve as the real test.

7.     Crypto-currency may be the deadliest weapon of Dajjal. If paper money and coins are abandoned, to adopt crypto-currency, it would be the real horror of that hour.

8.     Before descent of the Messiah, son of Mary, the true believers of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) will fight Dajjal, under the leadership of Imam al-Mahdi who will be from the family of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

9.     The real Messiah, son of Mary (peace be upon him) will kill Dajjal at Ludd.

10.                         Adhering to the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the only way to salvation in this world and hereafter. We ask for His pardon and help to stand firm on the right path. Amen.

 

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^[1] Quran, 4:157-159

^[2] Sahih Muslim:H#2938,

^[3] Musnad Ahmad: H#20440

^[4] Sahih Muslim: H#2934b

^[5] Musnad Ahmad: H#28120

^[6] Musnad Ahmad: H#5252

^[7] Sahih Muslim: H#2944

^[8] Jami at-Tirmidhi: H#2244

^[9] Sunan ibni Majah: H#4072, Musnad Ahmad: H#12

 

How music changes our blood chemistry and behaviour?

Author: Sajid Mahmood Ansari

We know that human brain governs all the human actions. Now, it is established that human behavior is controlled by certain neurotransmitters that are called hormones. Certain hormones affect our mood including happiness, aggression and sadness. Our mood depends on the concentrations of these hormones in our blood stream.

Dopamine and serotonin are two important neurotransmitters that act reciprocally, in natural circumstances. The balance of these bio-chemicals in our body plays crucial role in maintaining our health.

Inside the brain, dopamine plays important roles in executive functions, motor control, motivation, arousal, reinforcement, and reward, as well as lower-level functions including lactation, sexual gratification, and nausea.[1]

Once dopamine was considered pleasure hormone, but now it is taken as reward or motivation hormone. If the outcome of an action is in the form of gaining something, it is considered reward. Now this gaining may be through positive means or negative means. When a person gains wealth or appreciated by someone, he / she feels pleasure. Unfortunately, greater the reward, greater the concentration of dopamine would be. As a result, a person becomes addicted to this reward. Gambling addiction is one of the worst examples of reward-motivated behavior.

Kimberly Sena Moore, a PhD in psychology, quotes a study "Music Listening Releases Dopamine":

 

A study was conducted by researchers at McGill University in Canada. An initial 217 participants were narrowed down to eight, who consistently responded the same way when listening to music, regardless of the listening environment.

For the study, the researchers used a combination of PET (positron emission tomography) and fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imagining) techniques to scan the brains of the eight participants as they listened to music over the course of three sessions. In addition, the participants completed a questionnaire in which they rated how pleasurable they found the music.

This is where it gets a little more technical. The PET scan showed the researchers that dopamine was released in the striatum during peak moments of emotional arousal when listening to music. The fMRI scan helped show a distinct difference in the timing and structures involved—the caudate was active when anticipating the peak emotional arousal, and the nucleus accumbens was more involved when actually experiencing the peak emotion. [2]

The crux of this study shows that while listening music, dopamine releases. This practice adds a lot of dopamine into our blood stream making us music addicted. It is not the whole story, but it concludes that release of so much dopamine causes emotional arousal, leading us to having sexual desires all the time.

Another PhD scholar, a well-known American neuropsychologist, Daniel Levitin observes about listening music:

There’s stronger evidence that it can affect mood and heart rate and respiration rate. So, fast stimulating music stimulates the production of adrenaline and other hormones that get your heart racing faster and your pulse increases and blood pressure increases and then soothing, relaxing music has the opposite effect. [3]

Serotonin is primarily found in the enteric nervous system located in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). However, it is also produced in the central nervous system (CNS), specifically in the Raphe nuclei located in the brainstem, Merkel cells located in the skin and taste receptor cells in the tongue. 

Serotonin normally broadens the blood vessels, but when it is produced in excessive amounts, in turn it narrows the blood vessels. The repeated constriction of blood vessels leads to cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, angina and stroke. In case of extremely high concentrations of serotonin may cause carcinoid tumors in small intestine.

Latest scientific research proves that secretion of serotonin is also associated with auditory stimuli. The fluctuation of serotonin affects the sexual behavior too. In most of the vertebrates, songs of male or female arouse the opposite sex.  

It has been established scientifically, that increase in serotonin levels arouses a person. That is why, traditionally, professional courtesans have been singers and dancers. Even today, all the entertainment centers, which provide night partners, use music and wine as a tool to instigate their customers.

Experiments on mice have proved that serotonin plays important part in sexual relationship.

National Center for Biotechnology Information (US) published a research work on its website with title: Putting it in Context: Linking Auditory Processing with Social Behavior Circuits in the Vertebrate Brain. The researchers observe:

During social interactions with novel, opposite sex conspecifics, male and female mice have increased IC serotonin relative to isolated controls.[4]

Similarly, exposure to broadband noise elicits a rapid increase of serotonin in the IC of male mice that is sustained over the course of the stimulus (Hall etal. 2010). However, no such increase is observed when mice are presented with food or light stimuli  (Hall etal. 2010), each of which has been demonstrated to affect levels of Fos, an immediate early gene product and putative marker for neural activation, (Clayton 2000) within serotonergic neurons in DRN . [5]

The researchers go further:

Rather, serotonin increases in IC may accompany non-social contexts in which auditory processing is important, such as noisy conditions or restricted environments in which acoustically locating conspecifics may lead to escape.[6]

These scientific experiments prove that dopamine and serotonin is badly affected by music leading to many health problems. That is why the Prophet Muhammad (May Allah shower His blessings and peace on him and his progeny) wisely prohibited music for the Muslims.

Narrated Abu 'Amir or Abu Malik Al-Ash'ari (May Allah be pleased with him):

that he heard the Prophet (ﷺ) saying, "From among my followers there will be some people who will consider illegal sexual intercourse, the wearing of silk, the drinking of alcoholic drinks and the use of musical instruments, as lawful. And there will be some people who will stay near the side of a mountain and in the evening their shepherd will come to them with their sheep and ask them for something, but they will say to him, 'Return to us tomorrow.' Allah will destroy them during the night and will let the mountain fall on them, and He will transform the rest of them into monkeys and pigs and they will remain so till the Day of Resurrection."[7]

May Allah Almighty protect us from forbidden music and its bad effects. Amin

Daniel Levitin is a professional music therapist. He accepts that there is little evidence to show that soft music really heals up. He says:

You know, I’m glad you mentioned the evidence-based part because there’s been a lot of pseudoscience and just a lot of anecdotes about music, but relatively little actual experiments – true experiments in science. But the direction that it’s going is that in the last five years, people are increasingly conducting controlled experiments with proper controls and with proper methods. And we’re finding that early evidence, you know there’s not a whole lot of work on which to base this, but early evidence says that music can alter pain thresholds. [8]

If it is proved scientifically, that music can heal up certain ailments, still its drastic effects on neurotransmitters do not allow listening music just for recreation and being addicted, making you maiden by sexual desires. After all, liquor may have a few health benefits, but its addiction ruins one’s health. Same is true for music. One of the causes of alarming increase in heart diseases lies beneath the fact that music is everywhere. Even we have brought it to the Masjids through our cell-phones. May Allah pardon us.

 

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[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine

 

[2] Why Listening to Music Makes Us Feel Good | Psychology Today

 

[3] Speaking of Psychology: Music and your health (apa.org)

 

[4] Putting it in Context: Linking Auditory Processing with Social Behavior Circuits in the Vertebrate Brain (nih.gov)

 

[5] Putting it in Context: Linking Auditory Processing with Social Behavior Circuits in the Vertebrate Brain (nih.gov)

 

[6] Putting it in Context: Linking Auditory Processing with Social Behavior Circuits in the Vertebrate Brain (nih.gov)

 

[7] Sahih Bhkhari:H # 5590

[8] Speaking of Psychology: Music and your health (apa.org)

 

Taghut: The Evil Instigators

 TAGHUT: THE EVIL INSTIGATORS

Author: Sajid Mahmood Ansari

Taghut is the one of major themes of the Holy Qur’an, unfortunately, that has been misinterpreted by many clerics. While, the Qur’an has given a clear definition of Taghut. Allah Almighty says:

So whoever refuses to follow  Taghut and believes in Allah has grasped the most trustworthy handhold with no break in it. And Allah is the All-Hearing and All-Knowing.

Allah is the friend of those who believe. He brings them out from shrouds of darkness into the light. And those who disbelieve - their friends are Taghut. They take them out of the light into depths of darkness. Those are the people of the Fire; they will abide eternally therein.[2:256-257]

It is evident from this Qur’anic narrative that Taghut is a person or an institution which brings the people out of the light into the depths of darkness. Light is a metaphor for the True faith and good practices while the darkness stands for the false faith and evil practices. So the person or institution which instigates people to follow a false faith and perform the evil practices must be Taghut. For being a true believer, one is required to refuse or follow to all sorts of Taghut. Yes, devil /satan is among the top of different types of Taghut, being most powerful of all types of Taghut. Even in a case, one’s own desires may become Taghut for him/her.

It is notable that Taghut is generally a person or institution that is loved and followed by the people. That is why the Qur’an mentions the friendship between Taghut and their followers. Refusing to follow Taghut is an obligatory condition for the Faith. Allah Almighty never accepts people’s faith unless they refuse to follow Taghut. Unfortunately, the situation is worse than mere following, but we love Taghut. The celebrities we follow today, instigate us to follow their life style. Devil, the Super Taghut, has designed a big game now to motivate people for following and loving Taghut. We think we do not love Devil, but reality is the opposite. We love some celebrities and follow their lifestyle intentionally or unintentionally. They take us away from our Merciful God, so they are Taghut, in fact. We satisfy ourselves, by arguing that only devil or idols are Taghut, hence we ruin ourselves. The atheistic movements have launched a number of philosophies to take the people away from the light and throwing them in the depths of darkness. Their methodology is very simple. Pose a question and create grey areas initially. Then take them away from the Truth, wherever they want.

Likewise, they want to lead us to chaos and permanent frustration. So they facilitate the propaganda that Muslim rulers are Taghut, so that the Muslim youth forget to defend the Ummah and involve in public militancy. Criticizing the policy of a Muslim ruler is one thing, while being a part of militancy against him is quite different one.

Remember that Taghut are the Evil Instigators, whether, they are in the shape of media, celebrities, our own desires or false clerics. We are obliged to refuse the life style of these people and do not follow our own desires. This is the utmost requirement for entering the fold of Islam.

How the Qur'an was codified?

 

How the Qur’an was codified?

Author: Sajid Mahmood Ansari

The Last Messenger of God Almighty, Muhammad (May Allah shower His Blessings and Peace upon him and his progeny) completed his Divine Mission within a short period of 23 years approximately. During this period, thousands of people responded to his call for Tawheed (monotheism) and gave up the indigenous polytheistic religions of their forefathers. These true believers have been mentioned and praised in the Qur’an at a number of places. Their firm belief, commitment to the Prophet (PBUH), obedience and love for Allah, was exemplary. They led their life in the bright light of Prophet’s teachings. These true believers were the Companions of the Prophet Muhammad (May Allah shower His Blessings and Peace upon him and his progeny). This group of Companions includes not only his family members, relatives and friends but also the people who had been strangers for him at a point of time; but after accepting the Faith of Islam, they devoted their lives for their beloved Prophet (PBUH).

Allah Almighty briefly mentioned the characteristics of Prophet’s Companions (R.A) in this narrative:

(190) Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day are signs for those of understanding.

(191) Who remember Allah while standing or sitting or [lying] on their sides and give thought to the creation of the heavens and the earth, [saying], "Our Lord, You did not create this aimlessly; exalted are You [above such a thing]; then protect us from the punishment of the Fire.

(192) Our Lord, indeed whoever You admit to the Fire - You have disgraced him, and for the wrongdoers there are no helpers.

(193) Our Lord, indeed we have heard a caller calling to faith, [saying], 'Believe in your Lord,' and we have believed. Our Lord, so forgive us our sins and remove from us our misdeeds and cause us to die with the righteous.

(194) Our Lord, and grant us what You promised us through Your messengers and do not disgrace us on the Day of Resurrection. Indeed, You do not fail in [Your] promise."

(195) And their Lord responded to them, "Never will I allow to be lost the work of [any] worker among you, whether male or female; you are of one another. So those who emigrated or were evicted from their homes or were harmed in My cause or fought or were killed - I will surely remove from them their misdeeds, and I will surely admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow as reward from Allah, and Allah has with Him the best reward." [1]

Mass Transmission of the Qur’an

Prophet Muhammad (May Allah shower His Blessings and Peace upon him and his progeny) presented and preserved two major sources of his teachings including the Holy Qur’an and his Sunnah (sayings and practices). The Qura’n was revealed to the Prophet (PBUH) in the form of short sermons separately. It means the Qur’an was not revealed as a written book simultaneously. This phenomenon has been mentioned in the Qur’an on occasions.

The Prophet (PBUH) used to recite these Divine Sermons to the people of his nation, including the believers and disbelievers. The Prophet’s Companions (R.A) not only listened to the Qur’anic verses repeatedly, whenever the Prophet (PBUH) recited to them, but they used to learn them by heart. So, hundreds of the Companions (R.A) memorized the Qur’an, from alpha to omega. The Qur’an appreciates these learners and declares them the Men of Knowledge.

Rather, the Qur'an is distinct verses [preserved] within the breasts of those who have been given knowledge. And none reject Our verses except the wrongdoers.[2]

Transcription of the Qur’an in the Prophet’s Lifetime

Prophet’s Companions (R.A) were the eye-witness for the Divine Mission. They directly observed the events of Prophet’s life and experienced his truthfulness in all his claims and achievements. They listened to the Divine Speech from the blessed mouth of Divine Messenger (PBUH) and learned its meanings and implications from the vey person. So they preserved the Divine Speech (Qur’an) in its actual textual form, without any missing or addition. They wrote down the whole Qur’an in the presence of the Prophet (PBUH) with his command on the parchments and papyrus (qirtas). Sometimes, when the revelations descended to Prophet (PBUH) while he was travelling with his Companions (R.A), the scribes wrote the revelations on shoulder-blades (scapula) of camels or even on leaf-stalks of date palm. [3]

The Qur’an itself claims that the Qur’anic revelations were not mere verbal traditions, but it was being written, while it was being inspired to the Prophet (PBUH). That is why Qur’an calls itself Al-Kitab (The Scripture). Allah Almighty says:

Beyond doubt, it is Al-Kitab (Divine Scripture).[4]

He says further:

And you did not recite before it any Scripture, nor did you inscribe this one with your right hand. Otherwise the falsifiers would have had [cause for] doubt.[5]

This Ayah (Verse) indicates that the Scripture which was not authored by the Prophet (PBUH), is the Holy Qur’an, which existed in the written form during the Prophet’s worldly life.  It is interesting to know that Arabs of the seventh century C.E were familiar with the papyrus (paper) and have been using it for decades. The Qur’an uses the word Qirtas [6:7] that was used for inscribing. So, despite the ignorance of Arab people, there had been a few intellectuals, who loved to read and write. Fortunately, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was blessed with such intellectuals as his Companions. In Prophetic biography, at least forty scribes have been mentioned who served to inscribe the Qur’an at different occasions. The leading intellectuals among these Companions were the four Rightly Guided Caliphs (Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali R.A). The Prophet (PBUH) used to dictate them the Qur’anic verses and ask them to read before him whatever they had inscribed.

Codification of the Qur’an

When the Prophet (PBUH) responded to call of his Master Almighty, he left the Qur’an written in the separate parchments along with hundreds of human hearts. The said parchments were not compiled into a single codex. Although, the Qur’anic text was fully inscribed, but it required to be codified properly. It was very easy for any faithful Companion to Codify the Qur’an individually; but the Companions left no stone unturned to remove any possible doubts relating to the Qur’anic codification. So, just after the sorrowful demise of our beloved Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), the first Caliph Abu Bakr (R.A) commissioned a committee of the learned Companions to codify the Qur’an, who were considered the best reciters of the Qur’an among them. The commission comprised of Umar bin Khattab, Ubayi ibn Ka’ab, Zayd ibn Thabit (R.A).  The main objective of the commission was to codify the Qur’an with mass consensus and collective endorsement of the Companions, so that no one would have a reason to doubt this Codified Qur’an.

 

The method that was adopted by this Commission was as follows:

1.     They had the original parchments of the Qur’an that were inscribed in the presence of the Prophet (PBUH).

2.     Certain Companions had compiled their own copies of the Qur’anic text with Prophet’s permission; among these Companions were Ali ibn Abi Talib, Abdullah ibn Amr, Ubayi ibn Ka’ab and Muadh ibn Jabl (R.A).

3.     They invited the Companions to bring any piecemeal of the Qur’anic passages that they had written down with Prophet’s permissions.

4.     They compared all of the available inscribes with each other and with their own sharp memory.

5.     Thus they inscribed the Qur’an on leather parchments, arranging the chapters in the order they had been taught by the Prophet (PBUH).

 

Caliph Abu Bakr (R.A) was himself overseeing the Commission. Thus, the Ummah had a Qur’anic Codex, that was collectively endorsed and successively transmitted.

 

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[1] Qur’an, 3:190-195

[2] Qur’an, 29:49

[3] Sahih Bukhari: H#4679

[4] Qur’an, 2:2

[5] Qur’an, 29:48