Exploring the Qur’anic Chronology of Creation reveals a profound perspective on how our universe transformed from a single point into the complex world we live in today. While modern science focuses on the "how," the Qur’an describes creation in meaningful stages that highlight the purpose behind the heavens and the earth. This layered journey moves from the initial act of creation to the detailed shaping of the stars, planets, and life, finally culminating in the appearance of human beings. In this article, we break down these stages to show how the Qur’an presents a beautifully coherent and purposeful vision of the universe. 1. Chronology of Creation Allah Almighty says in Surah Fussilat: 9. قُلْ أَئِنَّكُمْ لَتَكْفُرُونَ بِالَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَرْضَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَتَجْعَلُونَ لَهُۥ أَندَادًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ 10. وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَاسِيَ مِنْ فَوْقِهَا وَبَارَكَ فِيهَا وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَا أَقْوَاتَهَا فِي أَرْبَعَةِ أَيَّامٍ سَوَىٰ لِلسَّائِلِينَ 11. ثُمَ...
In the Name of Allah---the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
Here’s a detailed summary of Pakistan’s Federal Budget 2025–26, presented in the National Assembly on 10 June 2025 by Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb:
Benazir Income Support Programme: ₨ 716 billion (+21 %) (brecorder.com).
Health & IT:
Healthcare: ₨ 32 billion .
IT exports goal: US$25 billion over five years; remittances projected at US$38 billion (arabnews.com).
8. Sector-Specific & Structural Reforms
Agriculture & SMEs: Continued support with focus on SMEs and industrial growth .
Energy sector: Ongoing WAPDA restructuring; energy tariff adjustments persist (en.wikipedia.org).
Infrastructure: ₨ 328 billion of PSDP for transport; Cholistan Canal project continues (en.wikipedia.org).
Here is a visual chart of the Pakistan Federal Budget 2025–26 key sectoral allocations in PKR Billion.
9. Context & Drivers
IMF programme: Part of a broader recovery strategy under a US$7 billion IMF bailout; budget aligns with fiscal consolidation conditions (ft.com).
Regional security: Defence rise reflecting recent military confrontations with India (ft.com).
Market reaction: Mixed—some see positives in discipline and tech focus, others concerned by heavy defence bias and cuts in public services .
In Summary
Pakistan’s 2025–26 federal budget charts a course toward fiscal consolidation by cutting overall spending but sharply increasing defence outlays. It includes meaningful tax reforms, relief for the salaried middle class, and significant investment in infrastructure and social programmes—all framed within the constraints of IMF conditions and heightened geopolitical tensions.
Here is the Federal Budget 2025–26 of Pakistan summarized in tabular form for clarity:
Category
Details
Total Outlay
₨ 17.57 trillion (↓ 7% from previous year)
Fiscal Deficit Target
3.9% of GDP
Primary Surplus Target
2.4% of GDP
Projected GDP Growth
4.2%
Inflation Projection
7.5%
Revenue & Taxation
Item
Details
FBR Tax Revenue Target
₨ 14.13 trillion (↑ 18.7%)
Non-Tax Revenue
₨ 5.15 trillion
Tax-to-GDP Ratio
Targeted at 14%
Key Tax Reforms
Digital FBR (e-audits, e-invoicing), fraud prevention (~₨ 22 billion saved)
Salaried Class Relief
Income Range
Old Rate
New Rate
₨ 600,000 – 1.2 million
5%
2.5%
₨ up to 2.2 million
15%
11%
₨ 2.2 – 3.2 million
25%
23%
Super Tax on High-income surcharge
1%
0.5%
Major Expenditures
Sector
Allocation
Defence
₨ 2.55 trillion (↑ 18–20%)
Interest Payments
₨ 8.21 trillion (↓ 8%)
Pensions
₨ 1.05 trillion
Subsidies (energy, agri, etc.)
₨ 1.19 trillion
Public Sector Development (PSDP)
₨ 1 trillion (₨ 328B for transport)
Benazir Income Support (BISP)
₨ 716 billion (↑ 21%)
Higher Education Commission
₨ 39.5 billion
Healthcare
₨ 32 billion
Science & Tech
₨ 4.8 billion
Sectoral & Structural Reforms
Focus Areas
Details
Energy Sector
WAPDA restructuring, tariff adjustments
Agriculture & SMEs
Enhanced financing, productivity tools, rural income support
IT Sector
US$25 billion exports goal in 5 years; emphasis on digital economy
Remittances
Projected at US$38 billion
Contextual Factors
Item
Details
IMF Program Alignment
Part of IMF-supported reform (US$7 billion bailout)
Regional Security
Defence rise linked to recent Indo-Pak tensions
Market Reaction
Mixed: disciplined fiscal stance welcomed, concern over defence prioritization
In the Name of Allah---the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Here's a table featuring facts about the top twenty tallest waterfalls in the world, including their height, location, and notable details: Here’s a table featuring facts about the top twenty tallest waterfalls in the world, including their height, location, and notable details: Rank Waterfall Name Height (meters) Height (feet) Location Notable Fact 1 Angel Falls 979 3,212 Venezuela Tallest uninterrupted waterfall in the world 2 Tugela Falls 948 3,110 South Africa Tallest waterfall in Africa 3 Tres Hermanas Falls 914 3,000 Peru Tallest waterfall in Peru 4 Olo’upena Falls 900 2,953 United States (Hawaii) Tallest waterfall in the United States 5 Yumbilla Falls 896 2,940 Peru Fifth tallest waterfall in the world 6 Vinnufossen 860 2,821 Norway Tallest waterfall in Europe 7 Balaifossen 850 2,788 Norway Second tallest waterfall in Europe 8 Pu’uka’oku Falls 840 2,756 United States (Hawaii) Second tallest waterfall in the Unite...
In the Name of Allah---the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Here's a table featuring facts about the top twenty highest mountain peaks in the world, including their height, location, and other notable details: Here’s a table featuring facts about the top twenty highest mountain peaks in the world, including their height, location, and other notable details: Rank Mountain Peak Height (meters) Height (feet) Location Notable Fact 1 Mount Everest 8,848 29,029 Nepal/China border Highest mountain peak in the world 2 K2 (Mount Godwin-Austen) 8,611 28,251 Pakistan/China border Second highest peak, notoriously difficult to climb 3 Kangchenjunga 8,586 28,169 Nepal/India border Third highest peak, means “Five Treasures of Snows” 4 Lhotse 8,516 27,940 Nepal/China border Fourth highest peak, adjacent to Mount Everest 5 Makalu 8,485 27,838 Nepal/China border Fifth highest peak, known for its pyramid shape 6 Cho Oyu 8,188 26,864 Nepal/China border Sixth highest peak, considered one of the easi...
Exploring the Qur’anic Chronology of Creation reveals a profound perspective on how our universe transformed from a single point into the complex world we live in today. While modern science focuses on the "how," the Qur’an describes creation in meaningful stages that highlight the purpose behind the heavens and the earth. This layered journey moves from the initial act of creation to the detailed shaping of the stars, planets, and life, finally culminating in the appearance of human beings. In this article, we break down these stages to show how the Qur’an presents a beautifully coherent and purposeful vision of the universe. 1. Chronology of Creation Allah Almighty says in Surah Fussilat: 9. قُلْ أَئِنَّكُمْ لَتَكْفُرُونَ بِالَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَرْضَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَتَجْعَلُونَ لَهُۥ أَندَادًا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ 10. وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَاسِيَ مِنْ فَوْقِهَا وَبَارَكَ فِيهَا وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَا أَقْوَاتَهَا فِي أَرْبَعَةِ أَيَّامٍ سَوَىٰ لِلسَّائِلِينَ 11. ثُمَ...
In the Name of Allah---the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. In the Name of Allah—the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Let us learn how to perform Salah. OBLIGATION OF SALAH: Offering Salah (prayers) five times a day (24 hours), is an Obligatory Service, imposed on every adult, sane Muslim, male, female, or effeminate, except the women who are suffering menstrual bleeding or post-partum bleeding. This is agreed upon among all the Muslim scholars. Allah Almighty says: أَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ لِدُلُوكِ ٱلشَّمۡسِ إِلَىٰ غَسَقِ ٱلَّيۡلِ وَقُرۡءَانَ ٱلۡفَجۡرِۖ إِنَّ قُرۡءَانَ ٱلۡفَجۡرِ كَانَ مَشۡہُودً۬ا “ Establish prayers at the going down of the sun until the dark of night, and (the recital of) the Qur’an at dawn. Lo! (the recital of) the Qur’an at dawn is ever witnessed.” [17:78] Talha bin ‘Ubaidullah ( رضی اللہ عنہ ) reported that a man from Najd with unkempt hair came to Allah’s Messenger ( ﷺ ) and we heard his loud voice but could not understand what he was saying, till he came ...
In the Name of Allah---the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Abstract A Pashtun (also spelled Pakhtun ) can be defined from ethnic , linguistic , and cultural perspectives: Ethnically: Pashtuns are an Indo-Iranian ethnic group indigenous to the region historically known as Afghanistan and the adjoining areas of western Pakistan (especially Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, northern Balochistan, and parts of Punjab). They are regarded as the native inhabitants of southeastern Afghanistan , particularly around Paktia, Paktika, and Ghazni , from where they expanded eastward and southward. Linguistically: They speak Pashto , an Eastern Iranian language of the Indo-European family. Pashto has several dialects, broadly classified into southern (Kandahari) and northern (Yousafzai) groups. Culturally: Pashtun identity is deeply rooted in Pashtunwali , an ancient code of honour and c...
A Reflection on Surah al-Falaq and Islamic Cosmology Introduction The Qur'an begins Surah al-Falaq with a profound declaration: قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ "Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of Al-Falaq." (Qur'an 113:1) Traditionally, Al-Falaq is understood as the dawn or daybreak. Yet the Arabic word possesses a deeper and more fundamental meaning. Derived from the root fa-la-qa , it signifies splitting, cleaving, bursting forth, and emergence. It describes the moment when something concealed breaks through its enclosure and becomes manifest. The sequence of the Surah is noteworthy: قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ مِن شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ "Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of Al-Falaq, from the evil of what He has created." If al-Falaq referred only to the daily dawn, there is a certain jump in scale: Verse 1 would refer to a daily natural phenomenon. Verse 2 would immediately move to the entirety of creation. However, if Al-Falaq is understood as the p...
In the Name of Allah---the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Early Life and Education Imam Muhammad bin Jarir al-Tabari was born in 224 AH (839 CE) in Amol, a city in the province of Tabaristan (modern-day northern Iran). His full name was Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Jarir ibn Yazid ibn Kathir al-Tabari . He was raised in a scholarly family and displayed an exceptional aptitude for learning from a young age. By the age of seven, he had memorized the Qur’an, and by the age of eight, he began studying hadith and jurisprudence. Recognizing his potential, his father encouraged him to pursue advanced Islamic studies, which led al-Tabari to travel to major centers of knowledge across the Islamic world. Academic Journeys and Teachers Al-Tabari embarked on extensive travels to gain knowledge, studying under some of the most renowned scholars of his time. He traveled to: Rayy (modern-day Iran) – where he studied under scholars such as Muhammad ibn Humayd al-Razi. Basra and Kufa (Iraq) ...
In the Name of Allah---the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Introduction The extreme latitudes of the Earth present one of the most challenging questions in contemporary Islamic jurisprudence. In regions near the Arctic and Antarctic Circles, normal astronomical signs that determine prayer and fasting times may partially or completely disappear. During the phenomenon known as the Midnight Sun, the sun remains above the horizon for weeks or months. During the Polar Night, it may not rise at all. Islamic acts of worship are traditionally linked to observable solar phenomena. Fajr begins with true dawn, Dhuhr with the sun's decline from the meridian, Maghrib with sunset, and Isha with the disappearance of twilight. When these signs cease to exist or become indistinguishable, Muslims face an important legal question: how are the obligations of prayer and fasting to be fulfilled? Remarkably, classical Islamic jurists addressed this issue centuries before Muslims permanently settle...
