Islamic Scientific Schools

In the Name of Allah---the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Ijmāʾ Ahl al-Bayt Introduction Ijmā ʾ , or consensus, is a cornerstone principle in Islamic jurisprudence ( uṣūl al-fiqh ), representing the collective agreement of the Muslim community on a legal ruling. While classical Sunni jurisprudence predominantly emphasizes the consensus of the Companions ( Ṣaḥābah ), the Rightly-Guided Caliphs ( Khulafāʾ al-Rāshidūn ), and the scholars of Madinah, a distinct form of consensus, known as Ijmā ʾ Ahl al-Bayt , or the consensus of the Prophet’s Household, holds a special epistemic and legal status. This concept, though less emphasized in classical texts, has been cited by prominent scholars such as Qāḍī Abū Yaʿlā, Ibn Qudāmah, Majd al-Dīn Ibn Taymiyyah, and Taqiud Din Ibn Taymiyyah, establishing it as a source of guidance in Islamic legal theory. Definition and Conceptual Foundation Ijmāʿ Ahl al-Bayt refers to the agreement of the Prophet Muhammad’s family and closest household member...

In the Name of Allah---the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Ijmaʾ al-Khulafāʾ al-Rāshidūn Introduction The Rightly-Guided Caliphs—Abū Bakr, ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān, and ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (may Allah be pleased with them)—occupy a unique position in Islamic history. Their period (11–40 AH) was marked by rigorous adherence to the Qurʾān, the Sunnah, and the Prophetic methodology in governance and legal interpretation. Their collective judgments and agreed-upon practices form what classical jurists call Ijmaʾ al-Khulafāʾ al-Rāshidūn —the Consensus of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs. In Uṣūl al-Fiqh , this consensus is valued as an authoritative source of law, though jurists differ regarding its precise epistemic status. Nevertheless, their legal decisions continued to shape Islamic jurisprudence across Sunni schools, and the Qur’an itself commands the believers to follow their path. The Scriptural Basis for the Authority of the Khulafāʾ al-Rāshidūn Qur’anic Indications Clas...

In the Name of Allah---the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. to west.  

In the Name of Allah---the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. How the  Qur’an  was codified? Author:  Sajid Mahmood Ansari The Last Messenger of God Almighty, Muhammad (May Allah shower His Blessings and Peace upon him and his progeny) completed his Divine Mission within a short period of 23 years approximately. During this period, thousands of people responded to his call for  Tawheed  (monotheism) and gave up the indigenous polytheistic religions of their forefathers. These true believers have been mentioned and praised in the Qur’an at a number of places. Their firm belief, commitment to the Prophet (PBUH), obedience and love for Allah, was exemplary. They led their life in the bright light of Prophet’s teachings. These true believers were the Companions of the Prophet Muhammad (May Allah shower His Blessings and Peace upon him and his progeny). This group of Companions includes not only his family members, relatives and friends but also the people who had b...