Islamic Scientific Schools

In the Name of Allah---the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Qur’an as the Supreme Source of Law Introduction The Qur’an occupies a unique place in the religious, intellectual, and legal history of humanity. For Muslims, it is not only the central religious scripture but also the literal and final word of God (Allah) revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) through the Angel Jibrīl over a period of twenty-three years (610–632 CE). The Qur’an serves as a comprehensive source of guidance encompassing matters of faith, law, ethics, social order, and human conduct. Its eloquence, linguistic precision, thematic harmony, and transformative moral vision have positioned it as the foundational text of Islamic civilization. 1. The Qur’an as Divine Revelation The Qur’an describes itself as tanzīl (a sent-down revelation) and kalām Allāh (the speech of Allah). It is not considered a product of human authorship, reflection, or philosophy; rather, it is believed to be verbatim divine...

In the Name of Allah---the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. One of the most notable examples cow-worship is the worship of Hathor, a goddess often depicted as a woman with the head of a cow or as a cow herself. Ancient Egyptians used to worship cows, as there are archaeological records indicating that certain ancient Egyptians revered the cow or heifer as a sacred animal. One of the most notable examples cow-worship is the worship of  Hathor , a goddess often depicted as a woman with the head of a cow or as a cow herself.  Hathor  was associated with motherhood, fertility, music, and joy, among other attributes. Numerous temples dedicated to Hathor have been discovered throughout ancient Egypt, particularly in regions like Dendera and Deir el-Medina. These temples often featured depictions of cows and heifers, and they served as centers of worship where rituals and ceremonies honoring Hathor took place. Discover more Education Science scientific Additionally, archaeolo...